Why does stainless steel also have magnetism?

Inquiries : 153 - 2018/7/13 16:22:05

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People often verify stainless steel merits and false by using magnets adsorb stainless steel. In their opinion, if the stainless steel doesn’t have magnetism, the goods is good and real; On the contrary, it is considered as fake fake. In fact, this is a very one-sided, unrealistically wrong way of identifying.

There are many types of stainless steel, which can be divided into several categories according to the organizational structure at room temperature:

1、Austenitic：such as： 201、202、301、304、316 etc.;

2、Martensite or ferrite： such as：430、420、410 etc

3、Austenitic type is non-magnetic or weakly magnetic, martensite or ferrite is magnetic.

Most of the stainless steels used as decorative tube sheets are austenitic type 304 materials, which are generally non-magnetic or weakly magnetic. However, magnetic properties may occur due to fluctuations in chemical composition or processing conditions due to smelting, but this cannot be considered as Counterfeit or unqualified, what is the reason?

It is mentioned above that austenite is non-magnetic or weakly magnetic, and martensite or ferrite is magnetic. Due to segregation or improper heat treatment during smelting, a small amount of martensite or ferrite in austenitic 304 stainless steel is caused. Body organization. Thus, 304 stainless steel will have weak magnetic properties.
In addition, 304 stainless steel is cold-worked, and the microstructure is also transformed into martensite. The greater the cold work deformation, the more martensite transformation and the greater the magnetic properties of the steel. Like a batch of steel strips, it produces Φ76 tubes with no obvious magnetic induction and produces Φ9.5 tubes. Due to the large deformation of the bending, the magnetic induction is obvious. The rectangular tube produced is larger than the round tube, especially the angled part, and the deformation is more intense and the magnetic is more obvious.

In order to completely eliminate the magnetic properties of the 304 steel caused by the above reasons, the austenite structure can be restored by high-temperature solution treatment to eliminate the magnetic properties.

In particular, the magnetic properties of 304 stainless steel caused by the above reasons are not at the same level as the magnetic properties of other materials such as 430 and carbon steel. That is to say, the magnetic properties of 304 steel always show weak magnetic properties.

This tells us that if the stainless steel strip is weakly magnetic or not magnetic at all, it should be judged as 304 or 316 material; if it is magnetic similar to carbon steel, it shows strong magnetism, because it is judged not to be 304 material.